Managing differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) can be a challenge, because until recently, few prospective randomized trials of treatment have been done. Most of the information about treatment comes from studies of large cohorts of patients for whom therapy has not been randomly assigned. Targeted therapy for DTC is an active area of investigation.

The landscape of cancer care has undergone a dramatic shift, due to the availability and increased use of immunotherapy agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). As more patients become eligible to receive ICIs, clinicians need to be able to recognize immune-mediated adverse events (irAEs) and remain informed about the most up-to-date strategies for managing these toxicities.

Smoking is not only linked to the development of tobacco-related cancers, but also to the prognosis upon diagnosis and risk of death during treatment. Clinicians must understand the complexity of smoking cessation interventions in this patient population to mitigate smoking-associated risks and improve patient outcomes.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis, and many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. It is essential that all patients be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team prior to treatment initiation.