Immunotherapy using antibody drug conjugates, immune check point inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has significantly transformed the treatment landscape of relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.

Multiple CAR T-cell therapies are approved for the treatment of certain relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies with promising clinical outcomes. However, treatment with CAR T-cell therapy is not without risk and can result in severe and potentially fatal toxicities.

Classical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with TP53 mutation is associated with inferior survival outcomes to induction chemoimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant, especially in younger patients.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by multiple recurrences requiring retreatment. In recent years, EZH2 inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have been approved for relapsed/refractory FL after ≥2 prior systemic therapy regimens.